What is a data contract?
A data contract is an explicit agreement about the shape of data passing between systems or teams: which fields exist, what types and value ranges they take, which are mandatory, and who is accountable when one changes. It turns an implicit assumption into something that can be validated and versioned.
Most integration breakages are contract breaches nobody declared. A supplier changing a unit of measure from inches to centimeters breaks freight calculations downstream, and without a contract there is no check that catches it.
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